Flat Earth Classroom

INTRODUCTION

Most everything we enjoy, either has spinning parts, depends on spinning parts, and/or was made (or processed or delivered) by machines with spinning parts. On this page, you will learn about the two basic types of circular motion, that all of modern civilization is based on. Then, by applying this knowledge, you will prove to yourself that a spinning globe earth is nothing but a cockamamie hoax! Nothing (no material) can spin like a top, over 1000 mph, without breaking apart. And no cracked body (globe earth) can spin at all. Only a solid body can spin like a top!—(Thus, globe earth does not/cannot exist!)

AXIS OF ROTATION

A body either spins like a top, or moves in a circular motion, like swinging a ball on a string. Say you are riding on a merry-go-round, you are like a ball connected to an axis by a string. But the merry-go-round itself, is like a spinning top. For the spinning top, the axis of rotation is its center of mass (which is the same as its center of gravity due to its symmetrical shape). A passenger on such an object, goes around in circles, and the distance between them and the axis of rotation, is the radius of the circular path they travel. Thus, their axis of rotation is at a distance from their own center of mass, just like for a ball on a string. The axis of rotation is key, because it determines how centrifugal force acts on a body.

EFFECTS OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE BASED ON AXIS OF ROTATION

Away from center of mass.

"When a body rotates about any axis other than one at its center of mass, it exerts an outward radial force called centrifugal force upon the axis or any arm or cord from the axis that restrains it from moving in a straight (tangential) line." For example, if you swing a ball on a string, there is a pulling force (centrifugal force) on the axis at all times, and tension is in the string.

Center of mass.

"If a body rotates about its own center of mass, R equals zero and v equals zero (there is no string). This means that the resultant of the centrifugal forces of all the elements of the body is equal to zero, in other words, no centrifugal (pulling) force is exerted on the axis of rotation."—There is a new force relationship and distribution, known as hoop stress, which causes tension in the body. The rest of this page, and the spin2 and spin3 pages are focused on this.

EFFECTS OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE BASED ON AXIS OF ROTATION SUMMARIZED IN A TABLE

Axis of Rotation of Body	Centrifugal Force on Axis	Centrifugal Tension in Body
Away from center of mass	Yes	No
Center of mass	No	Yes

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE (HOOP TENSION STRESS) WITHIN A BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP

Hoop tension stress or just hoop stress, is primarily contained within a heavy stress zone ring, around the widest circumference (fastest moving part) of a spinning body. The force relationships have completely changed, compared to a ball swinging round on a string.—"It's as if the force acts along the diameter" as noted in the textbook on the spin2 page. The result is spectacular, a solid sphere splits along its longitude as if you sliced it with a knife!

Image 1. A solid spinning sphere splits along its longitude!

Let's calculate the total centrifugal force in fake globe earth's heavy stress zone (assuming no cracks in ball earth's crust) using a new equation for bodies that spin like a top (bottom Image 2) based on the classic centrifugal force equation from mechanics.

Image 2. This page out of the Machinery's Handbook 26th Ed. ("toolbox" edition) points out the different force relationships between the two types of circular motion, based on axis of rotation of a body. Note the new equation, for bodies that spin like a top. For extra large view, click on the image, then right click and select "open in new tab".

CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CALCULATIONS FOR A BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP [rough estimate of tension in earth's crust if earth was a solid ball spinning 1000 mph at the equator, tensile strength of solid ball earth must be equal to or greater than this tension or it will explode from spinning]

W = weight of revolving body in pounds

g = 32.16 feet/sec²

W/g is replaced by M which is the mass in kilograms

M = 5.972×10²⁴ kg for fake globe earth

F = centrifugal force in newtons

R = the radius in meters

n = number of revolutions per minute

F = 0.01097MRn² = 0.01097(5.972×10²⁴ kg)(6,371,000 meters)(.000694)²

F = 2.01×10²³ newtons = 4.52×10²² lbf {lbf is pound-force}

F/2π = 7.20×10²¹ lbf = T = total tension around equator in heavy stress zone (Spin2)

Heavy Stress Zone = 9 square miles (obviously the closer to the surface, the faster the surface speed, the greater the accumulation of tension, which coincides with widest diameter)

T ÷ (9 square miles) = (7.20×10²¹ lbf) ÷ (3.61×10¹⁰ square inches) = 2.00×10¹¹ psi

Cheat in favor of fake globe again by reducing calculated T by 99%

T×1% = 2,000,000,000 psi for any 9 square mile cross section at any point around equator

UnitConverters.net

Tension of 2 billion psi at any 9 square mile cross section at any point around the equator, while this is a conservative estimate (due to the fact we excluded most of the contribution or force multiplier effect of the weight of the rest of the globe), it's still an unimaginable amount of stretching force in earth's crust! No material has the tensile strength to resist that amount of force!

BURSTING STRESS WITHIN A SOLID BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP DEPENDS SOLELY ON VELOCITY

Reality has a (spin) speed limit. It's based on the strength of molecular bonds or tensile strength of a material. Watch a spinning apple explode (split in half along its longitude) and see how perfectly it matches the explanation of the distribution of force in objects that spin like a top "it's as if the force acts along the diameter" (Spin2). Another formula (equation) is required to calculate the speed limit of physical reality. It too, is based on the classic centrifugal force equation from mechanics.

The engineering textbooks make it clear, that in order to study the force relationships involved, an ideal spinning hoop is imagined, with no spokes and 1 inch in cross section, like a hula hoop. What we find is astonishing! The bursting is "solely" dependent on velocity and independent of radius! This is proved and explained in more detail, at Spin2 and Spin3 pages.

Image 3 summarizes bursting. Notice that there are only two variables in the reduced equation, tensile strength and velocity. And yet, it takes into account all of what we said about bursting. Next, we will do some burst speed calculations, using this new simplified equation.

Image 3. This page out of the Machinery's Handbook 26th Ed. ("toolbox" edition) shows you the reduced equation used for calculating how fast a flywheel rim can spin, based on its tensile strength, before it bursts. For extra large view, click on the image, then right click and select "open in new tab".

BURSTING CALCULATIONS FOR A SOLID BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP (HOW FAST CAN IT SPIN) [tension generated within a solid body spinning like a top 1000 mph surpasses tensile strength of any known material]

V = velocity of outside circumference of rim in feet per second (feet/sec)

s = tensile strength of the rim material in pounds per square inch (psi)

s = 63,000 psi tensile strength of titanium

s = 1,900 psi tensile strength of basalt

V = √(s × 10)

V = √(63,000 × 10) = 794 feet/second = 541 mph speed limit of titanium rim*

V = √(1,900 × 10) = 138 feet/second = 94 mph speed limit of basalt rim*

*rim refers to ideal rim, 1 inch cross section, like a hula hoop

s = V² ÷ 10

s = 1466.67² ÷ 10 = 215,000 psi minimum required tensile strength to spin 1000 mph

APPLYING THE KNOWLEDGE AND THINKING CRITICALLY

MATERIALS HAVE A SPIN SPEED LIMIT (ZERO FOR CRACKED BODIES)

The speed limit is based on the strength of molecular bonds (tensile strength) and on the amount (weight) of the material. The stronger the bonds, the higher the speed limit. The more material, the lower the speed limit. So, even if we PRETEND the fake globe is solid (because only solid bodies can spin), it still fails for two reasons: 1) Fake globe spins over 1000 mph and no material can handle the tension created at that speed. 2) Fake globe is too big and too heavy to spin at all.—Hence, it would literally break under its own weight the moment you tried to spin it, even if it was solid titanium!

FORCE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF SPINNING LIKE A TOP: SPEED & WEIGHT

Image 4. Snapshot of a comment at the World Building Stack Exchange added Nov. 23rd, 2021. The person that made this comment, knows about the extreme forces of spinning: "How are you going to stabilize the sphere? If you spin a large hollow sphere, the tension of its shell will be huge. Just imagine a simple rope bridge such that it's curvature matches that of your sphere's equator. Now put everything on that bridge that's supposed to be inside your sphere. For each kilogram you add, many kilograms of tensile stress are put on the bridge's material. The mass of the bridge itself just adds to this total tension. You cannot just hollow out an asteroid and spin it up, hoping that it'll stay one piece. Cause it won't stay one piece."

For each kilogram of the solid spinning body, many more kilograms of tension are put on the heavy stress zone. The fake globe fails instantly, because only solid bodies can spin like a top. It's that simple!

THIN BROKEN CRUST MOLTEN HIGH PRESSURE INTERIOR HOTTER THAN SUN MEANS ZERO POSSIBILITY YOU LIVE ON A SPINNING BALL WHIRLNG AROUND IN EXTREME VACUUM OF SPACE

Video 1. BBC Geography - Plate Tectonics https://youtu.be/_Ugwf6IaE_k The next two images (below) are from this video. Listen as the guy reads his lines and laughs at some of the ridiculous globe claims! Such as, how thin and cracked the crust is, while scorching temperatures and astronomical pressures exist underneath!

Image 5. Outline of the thin plates of the upper mantel, that underlie the super thin (and totally cracked) crust we live on.


Image 6. Reading his lines!😆

He compares the fake globe to an apple, where the apple skin is the crust. Then he points out the crust is unlike the apple skin because it is cracked. This thin cracked crust somehow contains the molten inner parts of earth, that get as hot as the Sun! The core can be 6000° Celsius (hotter than the Sun) more or less depending on who you talk to. The pressures are something like 3.3 million times atmospheric pressure! This changes the inner core to a solid, which spins faster than earth, creating a magnetic shield "that protects you from the Sun", by turning the fake globe into a dipole magnet! 😂 Meanwhile, IN REALITY, we only have magnetic North, and compasses only point North!

GRAVITY DEBUNKED

WHY DO HELIUM BALLOONS GO UP ???

Video 2. WHY DO THINGS DROP relative density gravity hoax pink panther https://youtu.be/ldrsLoYKYgQ Refutes gravity and teaches you about the scientific method.

Enjoy!

coup de grâce

Mark Twain said that—It's easier to fool a man than convince him he's been fooled.—[Except the man that finds out that his speed is no longer constant if he is simultaneously orbiting!]

coup de grâce! (final death blow)

ROCK BALANCING PROVES EARTH IS MOTIONLESS

Video 3. Physics debunks globe earth SPIN + ORBIT = 21mm/s/s accel/decel every 12 hrs YOU WOULD FEEL IT SPIN!—ROCK BALANCING PROVES EARTH IS MOTIONLESS! https://youtu.be/AfEbsnOXrX0

(RIGID BODY ROTATION + TRANSLATION) = (SPIN + ORBIT) = 21 mm/s/s

Watch the short tutorial (Video 3) by a PhD physicist, it has excellent animations! All they did was a basic college or high school level vector analysis of two motions of globe earth with different directions and magnitude, to show graphically that the resultant vector CHANGES CONSTANTLY!—This flies in the face of popular globe lore that because earth moves at a constant speed we can't feel it! And it puts into the trash all their pendulum gimmicks and experiments. Yes, we would not feel it if that was the only vector! But as soon as you factor in orbit, the globe dies. No special knowledge is required to watch the video, a kid could easily follow along. And there are online calculators, where you just plug in the values and go!

Thus, the result 23 mm/s/s of the fluctuating acceleration & deceleration is an incontrovertible truth, a prediction of the heliocentric model, and yet another self-destructive contradiction.

Bottom line, when you have two constant speeds acting together like this, they do remain constant, BUT, what you experience as a result is not constant. This is the principle of fairground rides, and a really cool one is shown (Video 3) that matches globe earth going around the sun, with an added twist that after going once around it switches direction! And from the screenshot comments from YouTube, the ride is MUCH scarier than it looks! Enjoy!

VECTOR ADDITION

CONSTANT SPIN + CONSTANT ORBIT = 21 mm/s/s

alternating accel/decel every 12 hours or half revolution

Image 8. SPEED VECTORS for spin & orbit of fake globe earth.

Image 9. CONSTANT ACCELERATION for 1/2 revolution for point on equator of fake globe earth.

Image 10. RESULTANT SPEED VECTOR (red) for spin & orbit of fake globe earth (this is what you feel).

There is no constant speed ever experienced by a point on fake globe earth. Both MAGNITUDE & DIRECTION of speed experienced is CONSTANTLY CHANGING!

GLOBE PROOF? WHERE IS IT?

spin & orbit equals 21 mm/s/s acceleration/deceleration every 12 hours

0 - 2000 mph - 0 mph - 2000 mph - 0 mph - 2000 mph

*ROCK BALANCING PROVES EARTH IS MOTIONLESS*
*THIS IS THE coup de grâce! (FINAL DEATH BLOW)*

*gravity cannot make you not feel 21 mm/s/s*

{To win any FAKE GLOBE argument, just ask "Where is it?" "Where is the 21 mm/s/s PREDICTED by your model?" "How come we can build ROCK BALANCING STATUES?" This way, you can accept their model AS IS!—It DEBUNKS ITSELF!}

YOUR GLOBE RELIGION BELIEFS

"Create a belief in the theory and the facts will create themselves"

{and the pseudoscience and the fake facts will be created by believers}

Joseph Jastow 1935

As a devout member of the globe religion cult, you have to blindly accept, and believe (PRETEND), that the thin CRACKED crust of the globe is a super-solid with trillions and trillions of psi tensile strength and that produces a magical force that holds all things and eliminates the effects of spinning and the combined effect of spinning and orbiting—both hoop stress and the acceleration/deceleration cycle respectively—ball & string math wont save you.

😆😁😂

{learn more about who invented your beliefs by clicking on each smiley}

Image 12. You would definitely notice! At Periapsis!

Image 13. Not to scale! (see Video 5 below)

Image 14. Not to scale! (see Video 5 below)

No CRACKED body can spin!

No material can spin 1040 mph

like fake glob earth!

What a joke!

CARTOONS & PRETEND

IS THE 0NLY PROOF THEY GOT!

Video 4. The helical model - our solar system is a vortex https://youtu.be/0jHsq36_NTU

In this next video animation (cartoon) you will see how the sun drags the planets wildly through space, from nowhere to nowhere (over 500,000 mph, BUT all motions considered it is over 2 million mph or 1000 times faster than a bullet!)—Notice it is not to scale? All the planets are very close to the sun!—So it looks more plausible!

THINK! It’s not happening except in your brainwashed head!

To make a scale model of the solar system using a 1/2 inch marble to represent earth, these guys had to use 7 miles of empty space!—See Video 5 below!

Video 5. To Scale: The Solar System https://youtu.be/CyImrmkl2Sw

The globbies claim gravity changes in strength proportional to matter, but it sure FAILED in the desert! Watch the video to get a feel for how ridiculous the distances are in the solar system!

NEWTON AGREES! GRAVITY &

SOLAR SYSTEM—is absurd!

Newton himself strongly felt that the impossibility of rationally accounting for action at a distance through an intervening vacuum, was the weak point of his system. In a letter to Dr. Richard Bentley on Feb 25th, 1692; Isaac Newton says: "Tis inconceivable that inanimate brute matter should, without mediation of something else which is not material, operate upon and affect other matter without mutual contact, as it must be if gravitation, in the sense of Epicurus, be essential and inherent in it. And this is one reason why I desired you WOULD NOT ASCRIBE INNATE GRAVITY TO ME. That gravity should be innate, and essential to matter, so that one body may act upon another at a distance through a vacuum, without the mediation of anything else, by and through which their action and force may be conveyed from one to another, is to me so great an absurdity that I believe no man who has in philosophical matters a competent faculty of thinking can ever fall into it. Gravity must be caused by an agent acting constantly according to certain laws, but whether this agent be material or immaterial I have left to the consideration of my readers." Scheurer, PB. Debrock, G. Newton's Scientific and Philosophical Legacy, 1988, p. 52

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CHALLENGER INVOKES GRAVITY PSEUDOSCIENCE

Image 16.
Torsten Hehl PhD in Physics & Nuclear Physics, Dresden University of Technology (Graduated 1990).
Updated Nov 23
We can't feel it for four reasons:

(1) The centrifugal force the spin causes is constant for a given latitude on earth.
(2) The orbit is free fall of the earth around the sun. Free (i.e. only gravity acts on a body) fall cannot be detected inside the falling body, because the force density F/m is constant. The sun produces only tiny tidal forces, so the earth is an almost perfect inertial system.
(3) Spin and orbit are independent degrees of motion, the centrifugal force is constant as long as the sidereal length of the day is constant (it varies by a few ms), the orbit cannot produce internally measurable additional force, so nothing can be (and is) detected.
(4) Even if these accelerations would exist: We won't register changes of max. 21 mm/s² in view of g=9.81 m/s²

As I know OP too well, he will conclude that the earth is not spinning from that and claim that all experiments (Foucault pendulum, gyros and the Sagnac effect) are frauds and observations like the rotation of the stars (cw in the northern and ccw in the southern hemisphere) are no proof.

"In view of..." 😆😁😂 all he has is pseudoscience & cockamamie theories!

KEYBOARD WARRIOR 😆😁😂

"Spin and orbit are independent degrees of motion..."—says the PhD in physics guy in Image 16, above. Globologists like this guy love to preach about how centrifugal force from spinning is countered by a 300 lb pink elephant called gravity 😆😁😂 and that this force (which they recently started calling fictitious) causes a 13 mile high bulge around the equator (over twice as tall as Everest!) they accept all the results of just a single motion, the spin, but lose their sh*t when we move into spin + orbit? What a joke! Hey doc, who told you that in rigid body rotation (SPIN) with (plus) translation (ORBIT) you can just ignore the translation (ORBIT)?—YOU CAN'T!

Only a LUNATIC would claim the PENDULUM is 'PROOF' of SPIN ALONE!—Such proof can never be found BECAUSE the CRACKED SPINNING SPACE PEAR—IS ALSO ORBITING!

So, there you have it!

All their experiments, pendulum gimmicks, Coriolis hoax, bulging earth, lighter at equator, and the associated necessarily cockamamie explanations (because BS can only be based on BS), are based on SPIN ALONE!—Which proves they don't exist!

BECAUSE SPIN ALONE DOSEN'T EXIST! 😆😁😂

CARTOONS

Image 17. Rigid Body Rotation With Translation.
This is the best proof of a ball earth orbiting the sun!
😆😁😂

SUN

Image 17. Wrong Geometry
On a ball it would be IMPOS-I-BALL to see the Sun above the horizon and the trees!
😆😁😂

SOUTHERN CELESTIAL POLE

Image 18. Southern Cross Visibility
Australia & New Zealand (LoL!) at 10 pm (LoL!) at different times of year. (LoL!)
It's all over the place!
😆😁😂

How to find the Southern Cross?

The Southern Cross is circumpolar to ~~the southern hemisphere~~ Polaris and always appears in the southern sky for most observers. (LoL!) Depending on the time of the year (or night), the asterism may appear higher or lower above the horizon or be upside down.

POLARIS

Image 19. Polaris Debunks Globe!
On a ball, it would be IMPOSS-I-BALL to point your camera at Polaris and see the moon and horizon in the same frame! Thanks to professional artist Rory Cooper of the My Perspective channel on YouTube.

😆😁😂

Do you believe water sticks to a ball?—LUNACY!

XX
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A COCKAMAMIE THEORY

Image 20. Search for cockamamie on Google. Sounds like kaa·kuh·may·mee

cockamamie /ˈkäkəˌmāmē/ cock·a·ma·mie ridiculous; implausible. "a cockamamie theory"

Definitions from Oxford Languages

GRAVITY IS A COCKAMAMIE THEORY AND KING OF REIFICATION FANTASY (SCI-FI)

Reification is the "sure it's just an idea, but it's as real as you or me" fallacy.

Con·trived* /kənˈtrīvd/ deliberately created rather than arising naturally or spontaneously

Con·jec·ture* /kənˈjekCHər/ an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information.

"conjectures about where gravity comes from are many and varied"

*Definitions from Oxford Languages

WHERE IS THE SOURCE?

GRAVITY IS ZERO AT CENTER OF GLOBE!

and most globe believers have no clue about this!

Video 6. How Strong is Gravity in Earth's Center?(You Probably Won't Believe It) https://youtu.be/8IDRr4I1vT0

Thus, Outside the globe and inside the globe, gravity attracts towards the surface!

Thus, the source of gravity must be the surface of the ball!—Where gravity is the strongest!

😆😁😂

"ACCELERATION OF GRAVITY" IS NONSENSICAL!

In physical reality there is just relative density (no force pulls on you) no such thing as "acceleration of gravity". Objects rise and fall based on density; air bubbles go up in water, rocks sink, helium balloons and hot air balloons go up in the air, rain falls down. Gravity disciples will claim that a rock weighs 2.2 lbs* because a 2.2 lbf** "accelerative" force is pulling on it. [*pounds **pound-force]

They insist, that a rock resting on the ground, is "experiencing a 300:1 net acceleration towards the center of fake globe earth".—But the rock is stationary!

Acceleration has to do with changing how fast an object is moving. If an object is not changing its velocity, then the object is not accelerating.

https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Acceleration

(Furthermore) A bullet leaves the barrel at maximum speed, and immediately starts to slow down continuously. Imagine there is a constant force on you, sticking you to the ground, then, the moment you are in free fall (say you step off a diving board), you should not have to start accelerating from zero, you should take off like a rock from a sling shot! The fact that you must accelerate from zero, tells you, there is no constant force "pulling on you at all times" or at all!

GRAVITY NO LONGER CONSIDERED A FORCE!

Image 21. Snapshot of Google search posted Dec. 6th, 2021. In general relativity, gravity is not a force between masses. Instead gravity is an effect of the warping of space and time in the presence of mass.

NOBODY UNDERSTANDS GRAVITY NOT EVEN NEWTON!

Physics professor Julius Sumner Miller (in lesson 3) admits: "Here is a scale on which I hang a weight, and I don't care what the scale reads, it reads something. We say it reads the weight of the body, but I really don't know what that means nor did Newton. Because, as we believe, gravitational forces -- the earth -- pulls on this (and) stretches the scale. But remember, even Newton said 'I offer no hypothesis concerning gravitation' nor do we understand it today."

THOMAS WINSHIP'S BOOK

THREE QUOTES FROM CHAPTER ON GRAVITATION

[1]

One of the world's so-called great thinkers, J. S. Mill, is quoted in Professor Carpenter's "Nature and Man," page 385, as saying:

"Although we speak of a man's fall as caused by the slipping of his foot, or the breaking of a rung (as the case may be) the efficient cause IS THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE OF THE EARTH, which the loss of support to the man's foot brings into operation."

If a man is not "deeper" than to believe what this "deep" thinker has left on record in this matter; if he has no more brain power than to accept the foregoing statement, I would strongly advise him to cease thinking altogether, and thus save the few brains he has. It is simply astounding that men, who in business matters are sharp enough, are as dull as bricks and as credulous as children when the awe-inspiring subject of gravitation, "that grand masterpiece of astronomy," is the theme. To ask the reason why, or to venture to suggest that the assumptions of the "learned" require some sort of proof to back them up, never seems to strike moderns who believe in this monstrous humbug.

[2]

That the paths of the orbs of heaven are not exactly circular disproves the theory of gravitation entirely. INSTANT FAIL!

[3]

C. Vernon Boys, F.R.S., A.R.S.M., M.R.I., in his paper, "The Newtonian Constant of Gravitation," says:

"G, represents that mighty principle under the influence of which every star, planet and satellite in the universe pursues its allotted course. Unlike any other known physical influence, it is independent of medium, it knows no refraction, it cannot cast a shadow. It (GRAVITY) is a mysterious power which NO MAN CAN EXPLAIN, OF ITS PROPAGATION THROUGH SPACE, ALL MEN ARE IGNORANT . . . . . I cannot contemplate this mystery, at which we ignorantly wonder, without thinking of the altar on Mars' hill (at Athens, Greece, to the Unknown God). When will a St. Paul arise able to declare it unto us? Or is gravitation, like life, a mystery that never be solved?"—Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, March 1895, p. 355.

GRAVITY IS SELECTIVE (NOT UNIVERSAL) INSTANT FAIL!

Nobody understands gravity, but we know the moon "pulls" on oceans to create tides. Not on lakes!—Only on oceans!—What a joke!

🏀

COOL RELATED LINKS!

{only middle row for now}

🏀the🏀end🏀