Antarctica

THERE IS NO SOUTH POLE

LAST UPDATED DECEMBER 20TH, 2024

THE COMPASS ONLY POINTS NORTH

If there were two poles, the compass would not be able to move.

Video 1. COMPASS proves NO SOUTH POLE

https://youtu.be/7Cs76l2xAhc

This is a great introductory video, because it also introduces you to the polar projection map used for all navigation. This is the so-called flat earth map, and it was around before the globe was invented. This map is the actual layout of the land, and used in flight school! Flight paths only make sense on this map, especially emergency landings! The so-called flat earth map is also known as "The Air Map Of The World" and it became popular (and necessary) once air travel took off. It is not a "projection of a globe" as deniers claim, but the exact opposite, the globe is based on it. Maps from hundreds of years ago show Antarctica as a ring around the continents, and this is the ice-wall that holds the waters of the oceans.

SW SUNSETS IN ANTARCTICA DEBUNKS GLOBE

SW sunsets (& SE sunrise) in the far south, proves the flat earth model, with small local circling sun that spirals between the two tropics, over a Gleason map. What used to be considered a death blow to the classic flat earth model, turns out to be one of its strongest proofs! Read on, to find out why.

SW sunsets are observed as far south as you can go. Obviously you never look north to see the sun for 24 hours in Antarctica.

SW sunsets are observed as far south as you can go.

And this fact alone, proves all videos about a 24 hour Antarctic sun, are totally fake! Because they all show a backwards moving sun all day, which means you look north to see the sun for 24 hours.

Good-bye globe!💋

Video 2. Antarctica SW sunsets debunks globe see actual travel videos and historical record

https://youtu.be/EbHJxLn_jgU

Video 2 (above) shows you actual proof of SW sunsets as far south as you can go. It includes matching observations by early explorers (a copy of what they said, is also reprinted in the HISTORICAL RECORD section below). The video starts at 32° S on the east coast of Australia, showing a signature 'SE sunrise', signature 'SW sunset' and signature 'looking north at noon to see the sun'. The significance of these observations and how they prove the flat earth model, with small local circling sun that spirals between the two tropics, over a Gleason map, is explained below. There is no other possible explanation.

All you got is a half lit ball!

All you got is a half lit ball! There is NO WAY you can see the sun rise SE and set SW, in the far south, by looking SW, or SE. It gets totally ridiculous the further south you go on a ball!💩

So, why do globe believers think their broken model accounts for SE sunrise and SW sunsets, in the far south? Because of a cartoon of a tilted spinning globe. Because a point on the surface of the globe, rises SE until noon, and descends SW until dark, as the globe spins. 😀

Question for globe believers?

"At what point in the south (at what latitude) does the switch occur? At what point must we look north to see the sun move counterclockwise, right to left, for 24 hours? At what point do we look north to see the sun north of us, (ALL DAY)?"

"At what point (at what latitude) in the far south do we look north to see a NE sunrise and a NW sunset?"

The correct answer is never! At no point! As you saw in Video 2 (above), no matter how far south you go, the sun rises SE, and sets SW. Proven by historical records of early explorers and by travel videos.

How can the flat earth explain SE sunrise & SW sunsets in the far south?

It's exactly what we would see looking north (NE, NW) except we are looking south (SE, SW) to see it. Because of refraction.

Table 1. Perspectives of a Circling Sun

Sun's path in the sky before & after high noon	Converging /\	Diverging \ /
Facing light source	Yes	No
Light source behind you	No	Yes

A circling sun over a Gleason map is reality.

SE sunrise same as NE sunrise (bottom right to upper left) & SW sunset same as NW sunset (upper right to lower left), in the far south.

If it's true (and it is true) that SW sunsets are observed as far south as we can go, then, at what latitude do we switch to looking north all day to see the backwards moving sun for 24 hours?

Video 3. SE sunrise and SW sunsets in the far south PROVE A CIRCLING SUN and actually require a circling sun

https://youtu.be/NpnVsyc0HT4

 Smoking guns from Australia clip (first clip in Video 2): 

Notice the angle of sunrise and sunset (sun's path in the sky) is from bottom right to upper left (SE sunrise) and from upper right to bottom left (SW sunset) respectively, and you look north around noon to see the sun.

Thus, when you look south, in the far south, to see the sun rise and set, sunrise and sunset paths of the sun diverge, because the light source is behind you.

They would have to converge if you were actually facing a light source. You see exactly this when you look north, around noon, to see the sun.

In other words, while you face south, in the far south, the sunrise and sunset paths converge BEHIND YOU! Because that's where the sun is. That's why you have to turn north, to see the sun at noon.

These observations are only possible with a small local circling sun that spirals between the tropics.

Diverging sunrise and sunset angles, together with the fact you look north at noon to see the sun, tells you the sun is in the NE heading south at sunrise and in the NW and heading north at sunset.

The SE sunrise and SW sunset in the far south is just a 90 degree rotation of what we would see looking north.

It's exactly what we would see looking north (NE, NW) except we are looking south (SE, SW) to see it. Because of refraction.

Apparent sun is refracted.

What you are seeing SE & SW in the far south, is actually the apparent sun! Apparently, we only ever see the apparent sun (according to science). It appears to catch up to the actual sun (to the actual light source) at noon (when the sun is closest to you and appears highest above you and is least refracted). Thus, refraction explains diverging sunrise & sunset angles, in the far south.

Converging only happens when you are facing the light source. Say you are at 49° N, looking south at the sun. At noon, you will still be looking south to see the sun.

The fact that you have to look north to see the sun at noon, in the far south, tells you the actual sun has been there all along.

Thus, SE & SW sunrise and sunset in the far south, proves flat earth with a circling small local sun (that spirals between the two tropics). Because, this is the only possible way you can observe the diverging and converging angles of sunrise and sunset, and looking north at noon to see the sun, in the far south.

Apparent sun precedes the sun at sunrise and trails the sun at sunset.

QUESTION: (link)

What is actually meant by 'sun set' and 'sun rise' times, when taking into account the mirage due to light bending in the atmosphere 

ANSWER: 

The sunset is defined when the trailing edge of the sun disappears below the horizon, even though refraction means the sun actually went below the horizon some minutes before. Likewise sunrise is defined as the point when the leading edge of the sun is first visible even though this is some minutes before the sun actually rises above the horizon.

You ask where the sun really is: when the sun sets and rises it is about one solar diameter below where it appears to be, i.e. about half a degree.

Debunked argument against circling sun.

This is the ultimate debunk of the fake diagram.

diverging azimuth angles

"Jake" claims there is no circling Sun because south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the Sun APPEARS TO rise from the SE and set in the SW (yellow arrow in diagram below). The yellow arrow is drawn as if the observer is facing a light source, while looking south. It depicts sunrise and sunset as one continuous path, converging at noon, in front of the observer.

This diagram, that stumped everybody, is a fraud. Likewise, any argument based on it is also a fraud. Such as the claim that there is "no circling Sun" because south of the Tropic of Capricorn, the Sun APPEARS TO rise from the SE and set in the SW (yellow arrow).

The yellow arrow is a fraud, because it depicts sunrise and sunset angles converging at noon, in front of the observer, as if he is facing a light source, while he faces south. When in fact they should be diverging and depicted as two separate paths. Not joined. Because, in the far south, sunrise and sunset paths converge behind you while you look south. That's why you look north around noon, to see the sun (where it actually is all day). You look north around noon to see the converging sun paths in front of you.

A total debunk of Jake's claims. The diagram above, shows the diverging path of SE sunrise & SW sunsets, in the far south.

A circling sun + A Gleason Map = A working model

The only way a south facing observer in the far south can see diverging SE sunrise & SW sunsets is WITH A CIRCLING SUN BEHIND HIM.

Diverging SE & SW sunrise & sunset angles, in the far south.

During the making of Video 2 (above) I noticed the diverging SE & SW sunrise & sunset angles, while watching a time lapse from the east coast of Australia 32° S. It was my first time seeing such a perfect and complete tracking of the sun in the far south. The guy who made the Australia video thought he was debunking flat earth. Instead, he produced a reference video like no other! Proving the classic flat earth model of a circling sun over a Gleason map. A circling sun that spirals between the tropics is ABSOLUTELY REQUIRED to explain SE sunrise and SW sunsets and looking north at noon to see the sun in the far south.

"The Final Experiment" (TFE) debunked itself.

A bunch of actors who claimed they were in Antarctica in December (2024) released a video from there on December 14th. They showed the usual fake sun moving backwards (counterclockwise) while the camera was pointing north all day. This is THE ONLY WAY you can see the sun behave in the globe model, it has to be opposite what happens in the far north. I took the snapshot below, on December 18th. And the conversation took place two weeks earlier.

The only time you can look north to see the sun, is in the far south around noon, definitely not the whole day.--And this debunks every fake 24 hour sun in Antarctica video--all show the backwards moving sun all day. (Because they have to!)

Polar Man, the Antarctic Sasquatch! Is the only reference to a 24 hour sun in Antarctica. https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/tierra_hueca/esp_tierra_hueca_13.htm ;-)

This was the ultimate debunk of the fake diagram.

Jake's argument was based on sunrise and sunset azimuth angles. But he never noticed the diverging sun paths! He missed the diverging azimuth angles! Diverging azimuth angles are the ultimate debunk now! But, before I discovered the diverging azimuth angles, I made a masterpiece video on shadows (2 versions below). But the penny didn't drop for him.

Shadows video, complete minicourse (original).

We don't even need shadows to debunk the fake diagram! Although it's super cool to know how shadows work on flat earth (only) and don't work on a globe! Nothing works on a globe!

Video 4. (original!) SHADOWS PROVE Sun circling above

https://youtu.be/qGFRxjSJmbc

People still use the fake diagram to claim flat earth does not have a working model, no circling sun over a Gleason map.🙈🙉🙊

Shadows video, complete minicourse (remixed).

The information is presented in reverse order, and the part about finding north with shadow rotation, has been cut. This is the "Happy New Year!" version.

Video 5. SHADOWS A Deep Dive 😆😁😂 shadows.flat.wtf

https://youtu.be/cdh_XahtDDw

GLOBE CAN'T SHADOW

Shadows predicted by globe, do not exist.

This photo is a stand-alone debunk of the globe!

If you tried to replicate this at sunset, you will be in for a big surprise! Your shadow cast against a wall, will only get as tall as you! Because we have a small local circling sun above us! You can test this with any light above your head. Just have someone walk away from you while keeping the light at the same height above the ground.

If you believe you are being rotated to a higher elevation on a ball, which causes the sun to set below you behind a curved horizon (LoL!😃) then your shadow should get taller than you, if you stand in front of a wall as the sun sets.

CIRCLING SUN DIRECT PROOF

Shadows tell you where the sun is and what it's doing.

Solar Calendar shown for north of Tropic of Cancer. Shadows face North. South of Tropic of Capricorn, shadows face south, and figure 8 flips so big loop close to stick. 1. Put a stick in the ground. 2. Mark the tip of the shadow at the same time each day. 3. Repeat daily till back at start.

The solar calendar made by a stick casting shadows on a patch of flat earth, is not possible in the globe model. It doesn't work!

ANALEMMA SUN'S PATH IN THE SKY

The Analemma is a plot of the position of the sun in the sky, taken at the same time and place every day (or every week or even just once a month) you get a figure 8 loop. But the key observation is, that one loop is far bigger than the other, which makes perfect sense on flat earth ONLY! Like a lock and key fit, the figure 8 path of the sun overlays onto the flat earth map. The sun spirals between the Tropic of Cancer in the north, and the Tropic of Capricorn in the south (which is much bigger in circumference), so simple!😁

Plot of the position of the sun at 12 noon, everyday in 2006. From the Royal Observatory, Greenwhich, England.

A Year In The Life Of The Sun

"Why the analemma is the shape it is has to do with the tilt of the earth's axis relative to its orbit around the sun, and the fact that the orbit is elliptical rather than circular. Exactly why these two factors combine to create the shape that you see is a bit like the s-bend of a toilet: very hard to get your head around!"

"If you watch carefully you will see that a prominent building gets obliterated by the big explosion. It's something I've always wanted to do to that building." Hobart is a city in Tasmania, Australia at latitude 42°52′

🌞

Northern (Arctic) Midnight sun.

Video 6a. 360° camera pan, proves circling sun.

🌞

Chasing the circling sun, flight from New York to Moscow.

 

Video 6b. Direct observational proof of circling sun over a Gleason map.

🌞

Perfectly straight line, sunrise to noon.

The sun's path should be a curve, if you live on a giant ball spinning you.

Normandy, France (49° N) SE sunrise. Facing the light source, sunrise and sunset will converge in front of you.

Just like a jet plane approaches you and flies over you (and away from you).

🌞

Drake Passage SW sunset hours away from Antarctic circle (66°)

Diverging sun rays tells you the sun is local, not far away. Snapshot from Video 2, above.

Definitely not parallel light from a distant giant sun.

Obviously! We have a small local circling sun.

HISTORICAL RECORD SUPPORTED BY HOME VIDEO PROVES YOU ALWAYS LOOK SOUTH (SW) TO SEE THE SETTING SUN

Captain Ross 1841 (77° S January 28)

Captain Ross, an early explorer, made three trips to Antarctica and not once did he mention 24 hours of sunshine, or that the sun moved in the opposite direction and he had to look north to see it. See excerpt below from this link. (http://www.south-pole.com/p0000081.htm)

Captain James Clark Ross took command of the 370-tonne EREBUS with his friend Francis Crozier assuming command of the 340-tonne TERROR.

Antarctica was the new challenge.

On October 5, 1839, EREBUS and TERROR left England on their southern voyage...on New Year's Day, 1841, they crossed the Antarctic Circle.

Image 1. Beaufort Island in Antarctica (red marker). Zoomed out to show proximity of Beaufort Island to Antarctic Peninsula, located at far right of map, showing Drake Passage between tip of South America and Antarctic Peninsula. Around the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula is the Antarctic Circle, 66° 33´ 39" (or 66.6°) south of the Equator. Click to enlarge.

On January 28, there was another surprise: Beaufort Island (first charted by Ross in 1841, 77° south latitude, 21 kilometers north of Ross Island) and Mt. Erebus (the name given to the active volcano on Ross Island). Robert McCormick, EREBUS'S surgeon, described the discovery as "a stupendous volcanic mountain in a high state of activity".

Image 2. Beaufort Island, top center of image. Zoomed in. Looking straight down (south) at Ross Island. Active volcano Mount Erebus, dead center of image. Extinct volcano Mount Terror, east (right) of Erebus. Scott base and McMurdo base are directly south of Erebus, at rightmost inlet. Click to enlarge.

Dr. Hooker ran to grab his notebook and quickly wrote down his reaction:

"All the coast one mass of dazzling beautiful peaks of snow which, when the sun approached the horizon, reflected the most brilliant tints of golden yellow and scarlet; and then to see the dark cloud of smoke, tinged with flame, rising from the volcano in a perfectly unbroken column, one side jet-black, the other giving back the colors of the sun ...This was a sight so surpassing everything that can be imagined...that it really caused a feeling of awe to steal over us at the consideration of our own comparative insignificance and helplessness, and at the same time, an indescribable feeling of the greatness of the Creator in the works of His hand."

The peak was 12,400 feet above sea level and was belching flame and smoke. Ross named it Mount Erebus and the smaller extinct volcano to the east, Mount Terror.

THE SUN WAS LIGHTING UP ONE SIDE (1/2) OF THE COLUMN OF SMOKE IN FRONT OF HIM. DR. HOOKER WAS LOOKING SOUTH WHILE THE SUN WAS SETTING. THEREFORE, LIGHT WAS COMING FROM THE WEST SIDE WHERE THE SUN WAS SETTING. THE DARK SIDE OF THE COLUMN WAS TO THE OBSERVER'S LEFT (EAST) THE LIGHTED SIDE WAS TO THE RIGHT (WEST) OF THE OBSERVER.

"Dr. Hooker ran to grab his notebook and quickly wrote down his reaction"

WHY WAS DOCTOR HOOKER IN SUCH A HURRY? BECAUSE THE SUN WAS SETTING FAST!!!

"when the sun approached the horizon"

If you want to see the sun setting in Antarctica, you must face south (physically & geometrically impossible on a globe). From the Antarctic circle at the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula to Beaufort Island 600 miles further south, you never see the sun move counterclockwise in the opposite direction going right to left (unless you look north around noon).

200 FOOT ICE-WALL EDGE OF FLAT EARTH

The polar research vessel S.A. Agulhas II gives members of the Weddell Sea Expedition 2019 a close look at the Antarctic's Larsen C Ice Shelf (Weddell Sea Expedition 2019). The Larsen Ice Shelf is a long ice shelf in the northwest part of the Weddell Sea, extending along the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula 67°34′ S, and is over 100 feet tall.

81° 30' S, the Ross ice shelf near Cape Crozier Ross Sea Antarctica, is around 200 feet tall (Michel-Roggo). More pictures? Just search!

Water requires a container. Antarctica is the highest continent on earth (due to thick ice sheets) and like a giant circular bulwark, it contains the oceans. It is physically impossible to go much beyond 80° latitude, all you see is an endless flat white plain, and the sunlight soon runs out, making thee coldest place on earth even more deadly.

No GPS in Antarctica.

Video 7. No GPS in ANTARCTICA can only mean one thing: FLAT EARTH

https://youtu.be/Mavy3rz_gY4

ANTARCTICA TREATY
 Why can't you just go and explore the edge of earth? Norwegian sailor Jarle Andhoy believes we are born free, therefore we live free. Learn about this modern day Viking, who was treated like a terrorist just because he sailed to Antarctica with friends. Three died on board the Berzerk, while Jarle and a friend were on ATV's trying to reach the fake south pole. Did New Zealand authorities sink that ship, you be the judge: 1) blog, 2) blog, 3) video, 4) video.

Video 8. Antarctica: Sorry We're Closed! Our Hidden Flat Earth (No, you just CAN'T go to the edge)

https://youtu.be/PJV8_RI-bI8

SOUTH "POLES"

If you live on a globe, there should only be one "South Pole" and no matter where you are on the Antarctic Circle, the distance to the "South Pole" should be the same, right? WRONG!!! Google doesn't see it that way at all, watch the short video below.

Video 9. South Pole Debunked - Flat Earth Wins Again!

https://youtu.be/3BsgYH5Bqh4

LONGITUDE DIVERGES SOUTH OF EQUATOR

In the spinning globe model of earth, Antarctica is an ice continent which covers the bottom of the globe from 78° South latitude to 90° and is therefore not more than 12,000 miles in circumference. Many early explorers including Captain Cook and James Clark Ross, however, in attempting Antarctic circumnavigation took 3 to 4 years and clocked 50-60,000 miles around. The British ship Challenger also made an indirect but complete circumnavigation of Antarctica traversing 69,000 miles. These routes only make sense on the flat earth map!

Video 10. Aviation: Great Circle Routes or just a GREATER HOAX???

https://youtu.be/u2Bdp1l-aN0

Image 3. Air Force Map, 1961. The fine print states that this is the most accurate layout of  the land. I'll upload a close up and/or a higher resolution version, later.

For extra large view, click on the image, then right click and select "open in new tab".

 

Image 4. Hammond's Air Age Map of the World.

Image 5. Air Map, 1945.

Image 5a. Air Map, 1945, bottom right corner. Variable length of a degree of longitude as you go south. Miles per degree longitude decreases as you go south from North Pole to Equator. Note that actual sailing distances indicate that longitude diverges south of the Equator, and miles per degree circumference tends to increase as you go south (see Video 11 below).

Northern Hemisphere Statute Miles per 10° North Pole to Equator:

North Pole 90° to 80° is 120 miles (0 - 120)
80° to 70° is 117 miles (120 - 237)
70° to 60° is 110 miles (237 - 347)
60° to 50° is 98 miles (347 - 445)
50° to 40° is 86 miles (445 - 531)
40° to 30° is 69 miles (531 - 600)
30° to 20° is 50 miles (600 - 650)
20° to 10° is 31 miles (650 - 681)
10° to equator 0° is 11 miles (681 - 692)

Image 6. United Nations flag is a "hidden in plain sight" flat earth clue! It makes sense that the soon-to-be headquarters of world government knows what the earth looks like. Click to enlarge.

NAVIGATION FAIL DEAD RECKONING

Dead reckoning is the process of calculating one's position, especially at sea, by estimating the direction and distance traveled rather than by using landmarks, astronomical observations, or electronic navigation methods. For example, say you are caught in a storm and you have no electronics and you cannot use the sextant (mechanical navigational instrument) because you cannot see the stars or the moon or the sun, what do you do? You estimate your current position, based on your last known position, based upon known or estimated speeds over elapsed time and course. This works fine north of the equator, but dead reckoning always fails in the south. This is a direct result of the fact that longitude diverges south of the equator. Navigating in the south, while thinking you were on a globe, has often times resulted in disaster and death:

"Captain Woodside, of the American barkentine Echo, at Capetown, in June, 1898, says that on 12th January, 1896, being without observation for two days and sailing a straight course at 250 miles a day, he expected to be about 100 miles to the southward, and a long way to the eastward of Gough Island, in latitude 40° south; but was startled to find the ship making straight for the island, and barely escaped shipwreck. The Philena Winslaw was wrecked there 25 years ago, and there are remains of numerous other wrecks."

https://flatearthtextbook.blogspot.com/2016/11/distances.html

"This proves that although the usual allowance for shorter longitudes in the south had been made, the ship's position was not known. There must, therefore, be something wrong with the assumed length of degrees of longitude in the south. In the case above referred to, the ship was going to the eastward, and had an allowance in excess of the usual length of a degree of longitude been made, so as to correspond to what the length of degrees are at 40° south latitude, the ship's longitude would have been known. That it (longitude) was not known proves that degrees are longer at 40° south latitude than at the same latitude north of the equator."

https://flatearthtextbook.blogspot.com/2016/11/navigation.html

EQUATOR

The equator is thousands of miles smaller than the fake globe religion says it is. If you think the equator is as big as the globe religion claims, think again, because you will be proven wrong by commercial shipping routes, nothing goes west from South America. Even from North America, you must stop at some Islands before reaching Australia (see Video 11 below) and they are called The Navigation Islands!

 

Video 11. COMMERCIAL SHIPPING ROUTES DEBUNK GLOBE 

michio kaku niel degrasse tyson parents plus zig zag sun

https://youtu.be/mRUHSCROo34

 

More direct proof comes from actual distance traveled by ships as recorded in their log books. We have two examples from the DISTANCES chapter of Thomas Winship's book. This information was used to calculate the real size of Australia (see Video 12 below). The author continues:

Video 12. REAL SIZE OF AUSTRALIA 3666.96 KM Sydney to Perth as crow flies based on ship log sailing distances 

https://youtu.be/aZw2ntmUEe8

 

I have further weight of evidence on this important branch of our subject, by comparing the theoretical measurements of the supposed "globe" with the distances actually made in sailing. These data, which I now submit, prove clearly to any unprejudiced mind, that the world cannot be the globe of astronomical imagination; but that it is an outstretched circular plane, without axial or orbital motion.

Sir Robert Ball, in his "Story of the Heavens," page 163, informs the reader that: "The dimensions of the earth are known with a high degree of accuracy."

This writer is recognised as an able exponent of globular hypotheses, and it is generally conceded that what he says may be regarded as correct. Let us now enquire with what high degree of accuracy the dimensions of the earth are known. If the earth be the globe it is generally said to be, it is evident that the further we go south from the equator, the smaller will the circles be, and no circle south of the equator could be equal to that at the equator.

SHIP LOG: S.S. Nithsdale
 

The S.S. Nithsdale, of Glasgow, Captain Hadden, sailed from Hamelin Bay, in Western Australia, on 8th January, 1898, arriving at Port Natal on 1st February, 1898, having steamed 4,519 nautical miles. Her log, of which the chief officer, Mr. Boyle (also a passed Master), kindly gave me a copy, shows that she did not make quite a rhumb line track.   

Hamelin Bay is in latitude 34° south and longitude 115° 5' east. Port Natal is situated in latitude 29° 53' south and 31° 4' east longitude. The difference of latitude being so small, we shall not get far out if we take the middle latitude, viz.: 32° south. The difference of longitude is 84° 1' or 4.28 of the complete circle of 360° round the world. Something must be added to the ship's log so as to bring the distance up to the rhumb line track, say 100 miles; therefore, to find the distance round the world at 32° south it is only necessary to solve the following problem:

According to the ship's log, the distance travelled is 4,519 nautical miles, and we added 100 to that to approximate the rumb line track. 4,619 nautical miles is 5,390 statute miles. This is the distance travelled along 84° 1' of the circumference of a 360° circle at 32° south latitude. X/5,390=360/84 therefore X=(5,390)(4.28) thus X=23,000 miles, nearly.

This is several thousand miles in excess of what the distance would or could be on a globe. And further south on a globe, the distance would be less.

SHIP LOG: H.M.S. Challenger
 

"In the 'Cruise of H.M.S. Challenger,' by W. J. J. Spry, the distance made good from the Cape of Good Hope to Melbourne is stated to be 7,637 miles. The Cape is in latitude 34° 31' south and Melbourne in latitude 37° south, the longitude of the Cape being 18° 30' east and Melbourne 145° east. The middle latitude is 35½°. Difference of longitude 126½°, which makes the distance round the world at that latitude (35½°) to be over 25,000 statute miles and as great as the equator is said to be. This latter distance is many thousand miles more than the purely theoretical measurement of the world at that latitude south. Thus we see on reliable evidence that the further we go south the greater is the distance round the world. From the same work, we find the distance from Sydney to Wellington to be 1,432 miles. The middle latitude is 37½°, and the difference of longitude 23° 36', which gives as the distance round the world at latitude 37½° south, 25,500 statute miles! This distance is again greater than the greatest distance round the 'globe' is said to be and many thousands of miles greater than could be the case on a globe.

 

Thus, on purely practical data, apart from any theory, the world is proved to diverge as the south is approached and not to converge, as it would do on a globe."

https://flatearthtextbook.blogspot.com/2016/11/distances.html

GLEASON'S MAP

Official map of the USGS (United States Geological Survey)

Video 13 (below) is a compilation of a series of videos, presented as a YouTube playlist. He has since removed the first video, which calculates the distance from Sydney to Perth, as being 4003 km, compared to Google's 3295 km "as the crow flies". Globeheads were furious at how he did his calculation, using 60 nautical miles to the degree at that latitude. Using the ship log data above, we get 56 nautical miles to the degree, at 33° South Latitude (the middle latitude between Sydney and Perth). Multiply by 36° between the two, and you get 2016 nautical miles or 3733 kilometers, as the true width of Australia, east to west (rhumb line). It lines up nicely with the length of the Indian Pacific railway! The total length is 4352 km and includes the longest stretch of straight railway in the world. Cook is located along that stretch, and the distance Perth to Cook is about 1500 km. Then, using that distance (as a measuring stick), I showed an approximate "as the crow flies" distance of 3666 km for Sydney to Perth! (See video 12, above.) The Indian Pacific railway just doesn't fit on a 3295 km wide Australia, it is way to short, it places the railway a few hundred kilometers into the ocean, if we lived on a globe! This is in concordance with the ship log data above, which proves the equator is much smaller than claimed, and that longitude IN FACT diverges as you go south!

Video 13. The Gleason's Map 1892 - The Masterpiece of a Genius

https://youtu.be/fOfQCGOMZUY

Gleason Map, also called the flat earth map or AE map, short for Azimuthal Equidistant map. This is the same map as the world bank logo and the logo of its front organization, the United Nations. It also is the map for flight tracking, which is controlled by NASA. To see larger image, click on map, then right click on map and select view image, then click on that image. Now use the magnification feature of your browser until you can read the text.

The sun spirals between the two Tropics. See the June Solstice below.

In the figures June and December, the white represents the Sun's position in his respective months, at Noon. This shows sunlight inside the Arctic Circle for 24 hours. From June 21st, the Sun moves round the Tropics in a spiral circle, widening every day, until it reaches its destiny on the southern or outer Solstice, on December 21st.

Also note that the Gleason map states that there is NO SUN beyond 80° south latitude. See the December Solstice below.

On December 21st, the Sun moves round the Tropic of Capricorn, and during the day lights up the southern portion of the Earth from the Arctic Circle to some portion of Antarctic ice. There is no "sunlight" beyond 80° south, but unknown regions of ice. On the 23rd of December, the sun commences his northward journey again, returning o his starting place, and thus completes his seasons.

➧Welcome to flat earth