INTRODUCTION
Most everything we enjoy, either has spinning parts, depends on spinning
parts, and/or was made (or processed or delivered) by machines with spinning parts. On this page, you will learn about the two basic types of circular motion, that all of modern civilization is based on. Then, by applying this knowledge, you will prove to yourself that a spinning globe earth is nothing but a cockamamie hoax! Nothing (no material) can spin like a top, over 1000 mph, without breaking apart. And no cracked body (globe earth) can spin at all. Only a solid body can spin like a top!—(Thus, globe earth does not/cannot exist!)
AXIS OF ROTATION
A body either spins like a top, or moves in a circular motion, like swinging a ball on a string. Say you are riding on a merry-go-round, you are like a ball connected to an axis by a string. But the merry-go-round itself, is like a spinning top. For the spinning top, the axis of rotation is its center of mass (which is the same as its center of gravity due to its symmetrical shape). A passenger on such an object, goes around in circles, and the distance between them and the axis of rotation, is the radius of the circular path they travel. Thus, their axis of rotation is at a distance from their own center of mass, just like for a ball on a string. The axis of rotation is key, because it determines how centrifugal force acts on a body.
EFFECTS OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE BASED ON AXIS OF ROTATION
Away from center of mass.
"When a body rotates about any axis other than one at its center of mass, it exerts an outward radial force called centrifugal force upon the axis or any arm or cord from the axis that restrains it from moving in a straight (tangential) line." For example, if you swing a ball on a string, there is a pulling force (centrifugal force) on the axis at all times, and tension is in the string.
Center of mass.
"If a body rotates about its own center of mass, R equals zero and v equals zero (there is no string). This means that the resultant of the centrifugal forces of all the elements of the body is equal to zero, in other words, no centrifugal (pulling) force is exerted on the axis of rotation."—There is a new force relationship and distribution, known as hoop stress, which causes tension in the body. The rest of this page, and the spin2 and spin3 pages are focused on this.
EFFECTS OF CENTRIFUGAL FORCE BASED ON AXIS OF ROTATION SUMMARIZED IN A TABLE
Axis of Rotation of Body |
Centrifugal Force on Axis |
Centrifugal Tension in Body |
---|---|---|
Away from center of mass |
Yes |
No |
Center of mass |
No |
Yes |
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE (HOOP TENSION STRESS) WITHIN A BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP
Hoop tension stress or just hoop stress, is primarily contained within a heavy stress zone ring, around the widest circumference (fastest moving part) of a spinning body. The force relationships have completely changed, compared to a ball swinging round on a string.—"It's as if the force acts along the diameter" as noted in the textbook on the spin2 page. The result is spectacular, a solid sphere splits along its longitude as if you sliced it with a knife!
Image 1. A solid spinning sphere splits along its longitude! |
Let's calculate the total centrifugal force in fake globe earth's heavy stress zone (assuming no cracks in ball earth's crust) using a new equation for bodies that spin like a top (bottom Image 2) based on the classic centrifugal force equation from mechanics.
Image 2. This page out of the Machinery's Handbook 26th Ed. ("toolbox" edition) points out the different force relationships between the two types of circular motion, based on axis of rotation of a body. Note the new equation, for bodies that spin like a top. For extra large view, click on the image, then right click and select "open in new tab". |
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE CALCULATIONS FOR A BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP [rough estimate of tension in earth's crust if earth was a solid ball spinning 1000 mph at the equator, tensile strength of solid ball earth must be equal to or greater than this tension or it will explode from spinning]
W = weight of revolving body in pounds
g = 32.16 feet/sec2
W/g is replaced by M which is the mass in kilograms
M = 5.972×1024 kg for fake globe earth
F = centrifugal force in newtons
R = the radius in meters
n = number of revolutions per minute
F = 0.01097MRn² = 0.01097(5.972×1024 kg)(6,371,000 meters)(.000694)2
F = 2.01×1023 newtons = 4.52×1022 lbf {lbf is pound-force}
F/2π = 7.20×1021 lbf = T = total tension around equator in heavy stress zone (Spin2)
Heavy Stress Zone = 9 square miles (obviously the closer to the surface, the faster the surface speed, the greater the accumulation of tension, which coincides with widest diameter)
T ÷ (9 square miles) = (7.20×1021 lbf) ÷ (3.61×1010 square inches) = 2.00×1011 psi
Cheat in favor of fake globe again by reducing calculated T by 99%
T×1% = 2,000,000,000 psi for any 9 square mile cross section at any point around equator
Tension of 2 billion psi at any 9 square mile cross section at any point around the equator, while this is a conservative estimate (due to the fact we excluded most of the contribution or force multiplier effect of the weight of the rest of the globe), it's still an unimaginable amount of stretching force in earth's crust! No material has the tensile strength to resist that amount of force!
BURSTING STRESS WITHIN A SOLID BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP DEPENDS SOLELY ON VELOCITY
Reality has a (spin) speed limit. It's based on the strength of molecular bonds or tensile strength of a material. Watch a spinning apple explode (split in half along its longitude) and see how perfectly it matches the explanation of the distribution of force in objects that spin like a top "it's as if the force acts along the diameter" (Spin2). Another formula (equation) is required to calculate the speed limit of physical reality. It too, is based on the classic centrifugal force equation from mechanics.
The engineering textbooks make it clear, that in order to study the force relationships involved, an ideal spinning hoop is imagined, with no spokes and 1 inch in cross section, like a hula hoop. What we find is astonishing! The bursting is "solely" dependent on velocity and independent of radius! This is proved and explained in more detail, at Spin2 and Spin3 pages.
Image 3 summarizes bursting. Notice that there are only two variables in the reduced equation, tensile strength and velocity. And yet, it takes into account all of what we said about bursting. Next, we will do some burst speed calculations, using this new simplified equation.
Image 3. This page out of the Machinery's Handbook 26th Ed. ("toolbox" edition) shows you the reduced equation used for calculating how fast a flywheel rim can spin, based on its tensile strength, before it bursts. For extra large view, click on the image, then right click and select "open in new tab". |
BURSTING CALCULATIONS FOR A SOLID BODY THAT SPINS LIKE A TOP (HOW FAST CAN IT SPIN) [tension generated within a solid body spinning like a top 1000 mph surpasses tensile strength of any known material]
V = velocity of outside circumference of rim in feet per second (feet/sec)
s = tensile strength of the rim material in pounds per square inch (psi)
s = 63,000 psi tensile strength of titanium
s = 1,900 psi tensile strength of basalt
V = √(s × 10)
V = √(63,000 × 10) = 794 feet/second = 541 mph speed limit of titanium rim*
V = √(1,900 × 10) = 138 feet/second = 94 mph speed limit of basalt rim*
*rim refers to ideal rim, 1 inch cross section, like a hula hoop
s = V2 ÷ 10
s = 1466.672 ÷ 10 = 215,000 psi minimum required tensile strength to spin 1000 mph
APPLYING THE KNOWLEDGE AND THINKING CRITICALLY
MATERIALS HAVE A SPIN SPEED LIMIT (ZERO FOR CRACKED BODIES)
FORCE MULTIPLIER EFFECT OF SPINNING LIKE A TOP: SPEED & WEIGHT
Image 4. Snapshot of a comment at the World Building Stack Exchange added Nov. 23rd, 2021. The person that made this comment, knows about the extreme forces of spinning: "How are you going to stabilize the sphere? If you spin a large hollow sphere, the tension of its shell will be huge. Just imagine a simple rope bridge such that it's curvature matches that of your sphere's equator. Now put everything on that bridge that's supposed to be inside your sphere. For each kilogram you add, many kilograms of tensile stress are put on the bridge's material. The mass of the bridge itself just adds to this total tension. You cannot just hollow out an asteroid and spin it up, hoping that it'll stay one piece. Cause it won't stay one piece." |
For each kilogram of the solid spinning body, many more kilograms of tension are put on the heavy stress zone. The fake globe fails instantly, because only solid bodies can spin like a top. It's that simple!
THIN BROKEN CRUST MOLTEN HIGH PRESSURE INTERIOR HOTTER THAN SUN MEANS ZERO POSSIBILITY YOU LIVE ON A SPINNING BALL WHIRLNG AROUND IN EXTREME VACUUM OF SPACE
Video 1. BBC Geography - Plate Tectonics https://youtu.be/_Ugwf6IaE_k The next two images (below) are from this video. Listen as the guy reads his lines and laughs at some of the ridiculous globe claims! Such as, how thin and cracked the crust is, while scorching temperatures and astronomical pressures exist underneath!
Image 5. Outline of the thin plates of the upper mantel, that underlie the super thin (and totally cracked) crust we live on. |
Image 6. Reading his lines!😆 |
He compares the fake globe to an apple, where the apple skin is the crust. Then he points out the crust is unlike the apple skin because it is cracked. This thin cracked crust somehow contains the molten inner parts of earth, that get as hot as the Sun! The core can be 6000° Celsius (hotter than the Sun) more or less depending on who you talk to. The pressures are something like 3.3 million times atmospheric pressure! This changes the inner core to a solid, which spins faster than earth, creating a magnetic shield "that protects you from the Sun", by turning the fake globe into a dipole magnet! 😂 Meanwhile, IN REALITY, we only have magnetic North, and compasses only point North!
WHY DO HELIUM BALLOONS GO UP ???
Image 8. SPEED VECTORS for spin & orbit of fake globe earth. |
Image 9. CONSTANT ACCELERATION for 1/2 revolution for point on equator of fake globe earth. |
Image 10. RESULTANT SPEED VECTOR (red) for spin & orbit of fake globe earth (this is what you feel). |
*THIS IS THE coup de grâce! (FINAL DEATH BLOW)*
Image 12. You would definitely notice! At Periapsis! |
Image 13. Not to scale! (see Video 5 below) |
Image 14. Not to scale! (see Video 5 below) |
SOUTHERN CELESTIAL POLE
Image 18. Southern Cross Visibility Australia & New Zealand (LoL!) at 10 pm (LoL!) at different times of year. (LoL!) It's all over the place! 😆😁😂 |
Image 19. Polaris Debunks Globe! On a ball, it would be IMPOSS-I-BALL to point your camera at Polaris and see the moon and horizon in the same frame! Thanks to professional artist Rory Cooper of the My Perspective channel on YouTube. |
X
A COCKAMAMIE THEORY
Image 20. Search for cockamamie on Google. Sounds like kaa·kuh·may·mee cockamamie /ˈkäkəˌmāmē/ cock·a·ma·mie ridiculous; implausible. "a cockamamie theory" |
GRAVITY IS A COCKAMAMIE THEORY AND KING OF REIFICATION FANTASY (SCI-FI)
Reification is the "sure it's just an idea, but it's as real as you or me" fallacy.
Con·trived* /kənˈtrīvd/ deliberately created rather than arising naturally or spontaneously
Con·jec·ture* /kənˈjekCHər/ an opinion or conclusion formed on the basis of incomplete information.
"conjectures about where gravity comes from are many and varied"
*Definitions from Oxford Languages
In physical reality there is just relative density (no force pulls on you) no such thing as "acceleration of gravity". Objects rise and fall based on density; air bubbles go up in water, rocks sink, helium balloons and hot air balloons go up in the air, rain falls down. Gravity disciples will claim that a rock weighs 2.2 lbs* because a 2.2 lbf** "accelerative" force is pulling on it. [*pounds **pound-force]
They insist, that a rock resting on the ground, is "experiencing a 300:1 net acceleration towards the center of fake globe earth".—But the rock is stationary!
Acceleration has to do with changing how fast an object is moving. If an object is not changing its velocity, then the object is not accelerating.
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/1DKin/Lesson-1/Acceleration
(Furthermore) A bullet leaves the barrel at maximum speed, and immediately starts to slow down continuously. Imagine there is a constant force on you, sticking you to the ground, then, the moment you are in free fall (say you step off a diving board), you should not have to start accelerating from zero, you should take off like a rock from a sling shot! The fact that you must accelerate from zero, tells you, there is no constant force "pulling on you at all times" or at all!GRAVITY NO LONGER CONSIDERED A FORCE!
Image 21. Snapshot of Google search posted Dec. 6th, 2021. In general relativity, gravity is not a force between masses. Instead gravity is an effect of the warping of space and time in the presence of mass. |
NOBODY UNDERSTANDS GRAVITY NOT EVEN NEWTON!
Physics professor Julius Sumner Miller (in lesson 3) admits: "Here is a scale on which I hang a weight, and I don't care what the scale reads, it reads something. We say it reads the weight of the body, but I really don't know what that means nor did Newton. Because, as we believe, gravitational forces -- the earth -- pulls on this (and) stretches the scale. But remember, even Newton said 'I offer no hypothesis concerning gravitation' nor do we understand it today."
THOMAS WINSHIP'S BOOK
THREE QUOTES FROM CHAPTER ON GRAVITATION
[1]
One of the world's so-called great thinkers, J. S. Mill, is quoted in Professor Carpenter's "Nature and Man," page 385, as saying:
"Although we speak of a man's fall as caused by the slipping of his foot, or the breaking of a rung (as the case may be) the efficient cause IS THE ATTRACTIVE FORCE OF THE EARTH, which the loss of support to the man's foot brings into operation."
If a man is not "deeper" than to believe what this "deep" thinker has left on record in this matter; if he has no more brain power than to accept the foregoing statement, I would strongly advise him to cease thinking altogether, and thus save the few brains he has. It is simply astounding that men, who in business matters are sharp enough, are as dull as bricks and as credulous as children when the awe-inspiring subject of gravitation, "that grand masterpiece of astronomy," is the theme. To ask the reason why, or to venture to suggest that the assumptions of the "learned" require some sort of proof to back them up, never seems to strike moderns who believe in this monstrous humbug.
[2]
That the paths of the orbs of heaven are not exactly circular disproves the theory of gravitation entirely. INSTANT FAIL!
[3]
C. Vernon Boys, F.R.S., A.R.S.M., M.R.I., in his paper, "The Newtonian Constant of Gravitation," says:
"G, represents that mighty principle under the influence of which every star, planet and satellite in the universe pursues its allotted course. Unlike any other known physical influence, it is independent of medium, it knows no refraction, it cannot cast a shadow. It (GRAVITY) is a mysterious power which NO MAN CAN EXPLAIN, OF ITS PROPAGATION THROUGH SPACE, ALL MEN ARE IGNORANT . . . . . I cannot contemplate this mystery, at which we ignorantly wonder, without thinking of the altar on Mars' hill (at Athens, Greece, to the Unknown God). When will a St. Paul arise able to declare it unto us? Or is gravitation, like life, a mystery that never be solved?"—Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, March 1895, p. 355.
GRAVITY IS SELECTIVE (NOT UNIVERSAL) INSTANT FAIL!
➧Welcome to motionless earth!!!